RAG vs Fine-Tuning: Choosing Correctly the First Time
Teams reach for fine-tuning when they need retrieval, and for retrieval when they need neither. A practical decision framework based on what each technique actually changes.
9 min read
50 articlesNotes from
Notes from
building things.
What we have learned shipping AI systems, SaaS platforms and industry software — including the parts that went wrong. Written by Purushottam Kumar Suman.
LatestAI & Machine Learning
Why Most AI Pilots Never Reach Production
The demo impressed everyone and then the project quietly died. Here is the pattern behind it, and the four things that separate pilots that ship from pilots that do not.
Purushottam Kumar Suman8 min read
Building an LLM Evaluation Harness That Actually Catches Regressions
Without scored evaluation, prompt engineering is superstition. How to build a golden set, choose metrics that mean something, and wire it into CI.
10 min read
Controlling LLM Costs Before They Control Your Roadmap
AI features that work but cannot be afforded get switched off. Caching, model tiering, context discipline and per-tenant budgets — with the numbers that matter.
8 min read
AI Agents: What Actually Works in Production
Autonomous agents make compelling demos and unnerving production systems. Where agents genuinely earn their place, and the boundaries that make them safe.
9 min read
Grounding: The Practical Cure for Confident Wrong Answers
Hallucination is not a model defect to wait out. It is a systems problem with known mitigations — retrieval, structure, refusal design and citation.
8 min read
Frontier or Open-Weight? A Cost and Control Decision
The choice is rarely about raw capability. It is about cost at your volume, data residency, latency and who is responsible when the endpoint is down.
8 min read
Prompts Are Code. Treat Them That Way.
Version control, review, tests and staged rollout for prompts. The engineering hygiene that turns prompt tinkering into a repeatable practice.
7 min read
Document Intelligence: Getting Structure Out of Messy PDFs
Invoices, statements and forms in every layout imaginable. A practical pipeline for extraction with confidence scoring and a human path for the rest.
9 min read
When Not to Use AI
An AI company arguing against AI. The situations where a rule, a query or a form beats a model — and how to tell before you have spent the budget.
7 min read
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